There are mounting evidence that alcohol increases the risk of many type of cancers including mouth cancer, oesophagus, larynx, pharynx, liver (especially in men), and also breast cancer.
Regardless of the type, alcohol consumption increases the risk of cancer. Whether it is in the form of beer, wine or spirits, it is the alcohol itself that does the damage. Our upper-respiratory tract has sensitive tissues that are directly exposed to alcohol; consuming alcohol will cause damage to our body cells and may lead to cancer. After many years, alcoholic liver cirrhosis will eventually develop and will finally lead to liver cancer.
To lower your risk of getting cancer, you should opt to not drink any alcohol at all or if you have to drink, you should drink in moderation only. Moderate drinking differ from men to women. The recommended amount for women is not more than a drink per day; a drink is equal to a bottle or a can of beer (12oz). For men, the recommended amount is an average of not more than 2 standard drinks per day. The different limit for men and women is because men can metabolize alcohol quicker than the women as they have more muscle. Muscle tissue holds more water than fat, so that more alcohol can be diluted. As woman's body has less muscle and more fat, the alcohol will stay in their bloodstream longer than a man's.
Of course, not everyone who drinks alcohol will develop cancer. But, cancer is more common in people who drink alcohol than people who don't drink. People who stop their consumption of alcohol can significantly reduce their cancer risk. Other than reduce your intake of alcohol, you should also eat in moderation, exercise daily and lead a healthy lifestyle.
Monday, September 15, 2008
The Power of Naturals Against Cancer
A couple of days back, the USFDA sent letters to several companies asking them to explain their claims about the efficacy of some alternative medicines in fighting cancer.
Though there still doesn't exist a panacea for treating the disease, some promising reports recently published have raised hopes vis-a-vis the power of naturals in arresting the disease.
How wine could help?
Wine, or rather a constituent of the red wine called "resveratrol" could aid in cancer prevention. The ingredient is actually a part of red grapes from which the red wine is derived.
The researchers at the University of Nebraska Medical Center have found that it works by inhibiting abnormal cell growth. Abnormal cell growth is a prime characteristic of many forms of breast cancers. Consequently, the wine's powers could be harnessed to possibly prevent breast cancers.
In fact "resveratrol" is also sold as a dietary supplement, but its effectiveness in suppressing abnormal cell growth has come to light only recently.
A natural substance to the rescue
Cancers can sometimes be quite problematic to treat, as they can stop responding to cancer drugs, or even become resistant to them. But a natural substance "argyrin" has been found to destroy the unwanted tumor cells. This discovery has been published in the journal "Cancer Cell," and the research was conducted at the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research.
While, research on naturals has shown promise, an advancement has been registered in conventional medicine as well. For instance a compound called "STF-62247" discovered by the Stanford University researchers has been found to selectively damage cancer cells only, rather than target healthy cells too. Since cancer drugs can sometimes harm healthy cell too, this research published in the journal "Cancer Cell," is perhaps just the first step towards developing effective cancer therapy with minimal side effects.
So till the time the science of cancer drugs with less side effects is perfected, the promise of naturals in treating cancer is welcome news for sure.
Though there still doesn't exist a panacea for treating the disease, some promising reports recently published have raised hopes vis-a-vis the power of naturals in arresting the disease.
How wine could help?
Wine, or rather a constituent of the red wine called "resveratrol" could aid in cancer prevention. The ingredient is actually a part of red grapes from which the red wine is derived.
The researchers at the University of Nebraska Medical Center have found that it works by inhibiting abnormal cell growth. Abnormal cell growth is a prime characteristic of many forms of breast cancers. Consequently, the wine's powers could be harnessed to possibly prevent breast cancers.
In fact "resveratrol" is also sold as a dietary supplement, but its effectiveness in suppressing abnormal cell growth has come to light only recently.
A natural substance to the rescue
Cancers can sometimes be quite problematic to treat, as they can stop responding to cancer drugs, or even become resistant to them. But a natural substance "argyrin" has been found to destroy the unwanted tumor cells. This discovery has been published in the journal "Cancer Cell," and the research was conducted at the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research.
While, research on naturals has shown promise, an advancement has been registered in conventional medicine as well. For instance a compound called "STF-62247" discovered by the Stanford University researchers has been found to selectively damage cancer cells only, rather than target healthy cells too. Since cancer drugs can sometimes harm healthy cell too, this research published in the journal "Cancer Cell," is perhaps just the first step towards developing effective cancer therapy with minimal side effects.
So till the time the science of cancer drugs with less side effects is perfected, the promise of naturals in treating cancer is welcome news for sure.
Calcium and Cancer
The link between calcium, vitamin D and reduction of cancer risk has been the subject of many researches over the past half-century. In the 1950s, scientists examined weather data and health statistics to show that areas with the higher amount of sunshine, a source of vitamin D, had the lowest death rates from colon cancer. Since then, studies in both humans and animals have pointed toward both vitamin D and calcium as having cancer-preventive effects; from prostate cancer to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but mainly for breast and colon cancers.
Recently, two separate studies published new evidence on the effect of calcium and vitamin D from food or supplement sources as a strong protection from cancer. The first study from Harvard researchers reported that premenopausal women with high levels of vitamin D and calcium in their diets have a lower risk of breast cancer compared to women with lower intakes of these nutrients. The discovery is further supported by the second study which found that dietary supplementation of these nutrients reduces the risk of various types of cancer. These studies provide robust evidence on the beneficial effects of calcium and vitamin D for cancer prevention.
This latest finding can be explained with the theory of 1932 Nobel Prize in Medicine winner, Otto Warburg; cancer is caused by a lack of free oxygen in the body. In order to retain its oxygen, blood must always remain at an alkaline pH 7.4. Adequate mineral consumption in a diet will supply crucial minerals required to maintain this alkalinity; mineral insufficiency will force the body to rob other body fluids to supplement the blood, removing crucial minerals such as calcium, from spinal fluids, liver, kidneys, and saliva to maintain the blood at pH 7.4. The de-mineralized organs and fluids, in turn, become acidic and lacking in oxygen; inducing cancer and a host of other degenerative diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and lupus.
Recently, two separate studies published new evidence on the effect of calcium and vitamin D from food or supplement sources as a strong protection from cancer. The first study from Harvard researchers reported that premenopausal women with high levels of vitamin D and calcium in their diets have a lower risk of breast cancer compared to women with lower intakes of these nutrients. The discovery is further supported by the second study which found that dietary supplementation of these nutrients reduces the risk of various types of cancer. These studies provide robust evidence on the beneficial effects of calcium and vitamin D for cancer prevention.
This latest finding can be explained with the theory of 1932 Nobel Prize in Medicine winner, Otto Warburg; cancer is caused by a lack of free oxygen in the body. In order to retain its oxygen, blood must always remain at an alkaline pH 7.4. Adequate mineral consumption in a diet will supply crucial minerals required to maintain this alkalinity; mineral insufficiency will force the body to rob other body fluids to supplement the blood, removing crucial minerals such as calcium, from spinal fluids, liver, kidneys, and saliva to maintain the blood at pH 7.4. The de-mineralized organs and fluids, in turn, become acidic and lacking in oxygen; inducing cancer and a host of other degenerative diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and lupus.
Friday, September 12, 2008
Avastin - Wet Macular Degeneration
Avastin is the brand name for Bevaciumab a monoclonal antibody or an antibody that is an identical clone of a single parent cell. It was approved in 2004 by the FDA for use in the treatment of some cancers and is used as a first or second line treatment for patients.
As the first clinically available angiogenesis inhibitor the United States it inhibits new cancer cells by blocking the growth of blood vessels in pre-existing tumors. A solid, non-liquid, tumor needs to grow additional blood vessels to be able to reach a certain size.
With an angiostatic agent such as Avastin the growth of new blood vessels is slowed stopping the cancer from growing indefinitely. It is usually given every 14 days intravenously in the arm and can be used with other drugs in combination and with intravenous 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.
Developed by Genentech (NYSE: DNA), a leading biotechnology corporation, it is marketed in the United States under the Genentech name and outside the US under Roche.
When it was originally available in 2004 it was only FDA approved for the treatment of many forms of small cell lung cancer and metastatic colon cancer. A metastatic cancer, in this case colon cancer, is a cancer that spreads from one part or organ to another non-adjacent part or organ.
In 2008 the FDA opened up the doors and allowed for the treatment of breast cancer. There are also clinical trials under way to use Avastin for the treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, metastatic breast cancer, metastatic glioblastoma multiform, metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer, metastatic or unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer, and metastatic ovarian cancer.
Avastin is also currently being used off-label, the practice of prescribing drugs for a purpose outside the scope of the drug's approved label, for the treatment of wet macular degeneration by some retinal specialists.
Wet macular degeneration or AMD is a condition that causes loss of vision from the growth of abnormal blood vessel choriocapillaries, through Bruch's membrane. This eventually leads to blood and protein leaking below the macula, an oval spot near the middle of the retina in the human eye. With AMD rapid, often irreversible vision loss can occur through the leaking, bleeding and scaring of the blood vessels if left untreated.
Dr. Philip J Rosenfeld, MD, PhD of the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute conducted a study that showed positive results for the treatment of AMD with Avastin. According to Dr. Rosenfeld's study Avastin improved vision in as little as one week for patients treated for AMD.
For AMD treatment Avastin is used in very low amounts by retinal specialists. They usually have a pharmacists transfer the drug from the original vile to a pre-filled needles containing single doses. The specialists will then usually treat the patient in their own office.
As with any drug it is always best to talk to your doctor or pharmacist before starting any treatment.
As the first clinically available angiogenesis inhibitor the United States it inhibits new cancer cells by blocking the growth of blood vessels in pre-existing tumors. A solid, non-liquid, tumor needs to grow additional blood vessels to be able to reach a certain size.
With an angiostatic agent such as Avastin the growth of new blood vessels is slowed stopping the cancer from growing indefinitely. It is usually given every 14 days intravenously in the arm and can be used with other drugs in combination and with intravenous 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.
Developed by Genentech (NYSE: DNA), a leading biotechnology corporation, it is marketed in the United States under the Genentech name and outside the US under Roche.
When it was originally available in 2004 it was only FDA approved for the treatment of many forms of small cell lung cancer and metastatic colon cancer. A metastatic cancer, in this case colon cancer, is a cancer that spreads from one part or organ to another non-adjacent part or organ.
In 2008 the FDA opened up the doors and allowed for the treatment of breast cancer. There are also clinical trials under way to use Avastin for the treatment of non-metastatic colon cancer, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, metastatic breast cancer, metastatic glioblastoma multiform, metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer, metastatic or unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer, and metastatic ovarian cancer.
Avastin is also currently being used off-label, the practice of prescribing drugs for a purpose outside the scope of the drug's approved label, for the treatment of wet macular degeneration by some retinal specialists.
Wet macular degeneration or AMD is a condition that causes loss of vision from the growth of abnormal blood vessel choriocapillaries, through Bruch's membrane. This eventually leads to blood and protein leaking below the macula, an oval spot near the middle of the retina in the human eye. With AMD rapid, often irreversible vision loss can occur through the leaking, bleeding and scaring of the blood vessels if left untreated.
Dr. Philip J Rosenfeld, MD, PhD of the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute conducted a study that showed positive results for the treatment of AMD with Avastin. According to Dr. Rosenfeld's study Avastin improved vision in as little as one week for patients treated for AMD.
For AMD treatment Avastin is used in very low amounts by retinal specialists. They usually have a pharmacists transfer the drug from the original vile to a pre-filled needles containing single doses. The specialists will then usually treat the patient in their own office.
As with any drug it is always best to talk to your doctor or pharmacist before starting any treatment.
Natural Remedies Explored - Cancer
Another very serious subject and not to be dealt with glibly, so I will not be making bold claims about a cure all.
It seems that cancerous cells are present in all of us but when our immune system fails to kill these cells they multiply rapidly.
Our immune systems needs a good diet to be able to function correctly and it is for this reason why scientists recommend 5 helpings of fresh fruit and veg a day:
* Poor levels of vitamin C have been linked with cancer of the oesophagus, larynx and the cervix.
* Cervical cancer has also been associated with low levels of folate and vit B6.
* Low levels of beta carotene are linked with cancer of the larynx, lung, stomach, large bowel and the bladder.
* Fibre is thought to be vital protection against cancer of the colon, rectum, prostate, uterus and breast.
The theme that seems to apply to all health problems is a good diet, which is based on a moderate intake of unrefined complex carbohydrates, moderate amount of protein, low amounts of saturated fat, plenty of fresh fruit and veg.
Berries contain ellargic acid, gallic acid, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acid and lignans all of which, are thought to fight against the development of cancer. I am not sure if we are talking about every type of berry or a combination of different berries here, most likely the latter. Phenolic compounds from Blueberries apparently limit cancer cells ability to multiply and can also kill them.
Certain mushrooms apparently suppress oestrogen production, especially in post menopausal women. I have read a claim that 60% of pre-menopausal women and 75 % of post menopausal women with breast cancer had excess oestrogen, which had triggered the cancer. The mushrooms contain a phytochemical called conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). This inhibits the protein that makes oestrogen. If you know the name of the mushrooms containing the CLA please let me know. Since I first wrote this I have read up some more and looked at a few forums. It seems a number of mushrooms are quite useful for varying reasons, but I still cannot find a source to confirm which mushrooms contain CLA.
Selenium is a very important antioxidant. In some countries, such as the UK, levels of selenium in the soil are very poor. Therefore it would seem important to supplement the diet. Brazil nuts are a good natural source of the mineral.
* Pomegranates - research has shown the juice maybe able to prevent prostate cancer.
* Red grapefruit contains lycopene, as do tomatoes and sweet red peppers, which is a potent antioxidant. Grapefruit is also a good source of limonoids and vitamin C, both shown to have anticancer properties.
As I said earlier cancer is a very serious subject and I feel loathed to make claims about natural cures for the condition. Personally I rather prefer to talk about doing everything we can to prevent cancer from developing in the first place. Herbs play a strong role in this but you may wish to look at this site if you unfortunately do have cancer. I have no association with the site.
Please feel free to discuss your experiences with me.
It seems that cancerous cells are present in all of us but when our immune system fails to kill these cells they multiply rapidly.
Our immune systems needs a good diet to be able to function correctly and it is for this reason why scientists recommend 5 helpings of fresh fruit and veg a day:
* Poor levels of vitamin C have been linked with cancer of the oesophagus, larynx and the cervix.
* Cervical cancer has also been associated with low levels of folate and vit B6.
* Low levels of beta carotene are linked with cancer of the larynx, lung, stomach, large bowel and the bladder.
* Fibre is thought to be vital protection against cancer of the colon, rectum, prostate, uterus and breast.
The theme that seems to apply to all health problems is a good diet, which is based on a moderate intake of unrefined complex carbohydrates, moderate amount of protein, low amounts of saturated fat, plenty of fresh fruit and veg.
Berries contain ellargic acid, gallic acid, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acid and lignans all of which, are thought to fight against the development of cancer. I am not sure if we are talking about every type of berry or a combination of different berries here, most likely the latter. Phenolic compounds from Blueberries apparently limit cancer cells ability to multiply and can also kill them.
Certain mushrooms apparently suppress oestrogen production, especially in post menopausal women. I have read a claim that 60% of pre-menopausal women and 75 % of post menopausal women with breast cancer had excess oestrogen, which had triggered the cancer. The mushrooms contain a phytochemical called conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). This inhibits the protein that makes oestrogen. If you know the name of the mushrooms containing the CLA please let me know. Since I first wrote this I have read up some more and looked at a few forums. It seems a number of mushrooms are quite useful for varying reasons, but I still cannot find a source to confirm which mushrooms contain CLA.
Selenium is a very important antioxidant. In some countries, such as the UK, levels of selenium in the soil are very poor. Therefore it would seem important to supplement the diet. Brazil nuts are a good natural source of the mineral.
* Pomegranates - research has shown the juice maybe able to prevent prostate cancer.
* Red grapefruit contains lycopene, as do tomatoes and sweet red peppers, which is a potent antioxidant. Grapefruit is also a good source of limonoids and vitamin C, both shown to have anticancer properties.
As I said earlier cancer is a very serious subject and I feel loathed to make claims about natural cures for the condition. Personally I rather prefer to talk about doing everything we can to prevent cancer from developing in the first place. Herbs play a strong role in this but you may wish to look at this site if you unfortunately do have cancer. I have no association with the site.
Please feel free to discuss your experiences with me.
What I Would Do If I Had Cancer
The benefits and real breakthroughs in cancer have been well documented over the years. Sadly, the medical/pharmaceutical establishment have ignored or quashed them: The pharmaceutical companies don't want you to know about these cheap, natural and non-toxic methods that can cure. They fear that their business would be greatly compromised if cancer sufferers or the public at large found out.
The governments, who rake in huge revenues from ineffective and potentially harmful cancer treatment through the pharmaceutical companies don't want you to know either. The press are by paid off by their main sponsors, the medical/pharmaceutical establishment and the governments to suppress information relating to these real natural cancer breakthroughs and cures. Consequently, many people remain ignorant through a lack of information related to all this and die of cancer.
I have written much material, touting the benefits of these natural approaches to cancer healing and I guess it is therefore a fair question to forward put to me: What would I do if I had cancer?
The first comment I would like to make is that I consider myself to be taking the reasonable precautionary measures that I have written about in my other articles and ebooks. However, this is what I would do.
The first thing I would do after the doc tells me the bad news is get a second opinion. If this confirms the first finding, then next, I would ask if there's anything that needs to be done immediately. For example, I would find out if an emergency operation was needed to remove a tumour that could be doing some serious damage by blocking a duct or obstructing blood supply...
If no immediate surgery were necessary, then I would flatly refuse orthodox medicine's treatment of chemotherapy or radiation. I wouldn't allow myself to be coaxed, cajoled or bullied into receiving this treatment. I have done my research on this and I'm convinced that these treatments are illogical, barbaric and should be redundant: They can do more harm than good, particularly chemotherapy.
Next I would take up the strict dietary regime called 'metabolic nutritional therapy.' This involves eating good wholesome organic food, including the juicing of raw vegetables and some fruit in between meals. I'd make sure that my meals would be full of vitamins C, E, A, B15 and last but not least get plenty of Vitamin B17. A good supply of vitamin B17 can be got form of apricot kernels. I would make sure of getting a good diet of greens, mushrooms garlic and onions for my much needed supplies of zinc, selenium and calcium. Magnesium is another important anti-cancer mineral I would make sure I'm getting.
I'd be out in the sun regularly for about 30 minutes a day making sure I get my supply of vitamin D that way and exercise regularly. I'd make sure I get plenty of good mineral water.
In addition to the above, each day, I would use Bob Beck's blood electrification treatment and colloidal silver. If you don't know what this is, then I strongly suggest that you look it up in the Google.
Not sinking into victim consciousness, I would make a real commitment to having a positive outlook on life.
Finally, in conjunction with my nutritional and Beck's blood electrifier therapists I would find a place where my cancer progress could be monitored, using instruments such as infrared thermography. This is chosen because it is reliable and has no side effects unlike the orthodox medical methodologies.
I would be careful to avoid: Dairy products, meat, processed and fried foods, refined and artificial sugar, too many caffeinated drinks, too much alcohol, no smoking or no contact with smoke, unclean water and fluoride containing toothpaste. I would also avoid chemical laced toiletries.
A few words of warning...
This was written as a guideline and for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for the trusted advice and direction of fully qualified health professionals, who you should consult for diagnosis, treatment and medical attention at all times.
The governments, who rake in huge revenues from ineffective and potentially harmful cancer treatment through the pharmaceutical companies don't want you to know either. The press are by paid off by their main sponsors, the medical/pharmaceutical establishment and the governments to suppress information relating to these real natural cancer breakthroughs and cures. Consequently, many people remain ignorant through a lack of information related to all this and die of cancer.
I have written much material, touting the benefits of these natural approaches to cancer healing and I guess it is therefore a fair question to forward put to me: What would I do if I had cancer?
The first comment I would like to make is that I consider myself to be taking the reasonable precautionary measures that I have written about in my other articles and ebooks. However, this is what I would do.
The first thing I would do after the doc tells me the bad news is get a second opinion. If this confirms the first finding, then next, I would ask if there's anything that needs to be done immediately. For example, I would find out if an emergency operation was needed to remove a tumour that could be doing some serious damage by blocking a duct or obstructing blood supply...
If no immediate surgery were necessary, then I would flatly refuse orthodox medicine's treatment of chemotherapy or radiation. I wouldn't allow myself to be coaxed, cajoled or bullied into receiving this treatment. I have done my research on this and I'm convinced that these treatments are illogical, barbaric and should be redundant: They can do more harm than good, particularly chemotherapy.
Next I would take up the strict dietary regime called 'metabolic nutritional therapy.' This involves eating good wholesome organic food, including the juicing of raw vegetables and some fruit in between meals. I'd make sure that my meals would be full of vitamins C, E, A, B15 and last but not least get plenty of Vitamin B17. A good supply of vitamin B17 can be got form of apricot kernels. I would make sure of getting a good diet of greens, mushrooms garlic and onions for my much needed supplies of zinc, selenium and calcium. Magnesium is another important anti-cancer mineral I would make sure I'm getting.
I'd be out in the sun regularly for about 30 minutes a day making sure I get my supply of vitamin D that way and exercise regularly. I'd make sure I get plenty of good mineral water.
In addition to the above, each day, I would use Bob Beck's blood electrification treatment and colloidal silver. If you don't know what this is, then I strongly suggest that you look it up in the Google.
Not sinking into victim consciousness, I would make a real commitment to having a positive outlook on life.
Finally, in conjunction with my nutritional and Beck's blood electrifier therapists I would find a place where my cancer progress could be monitored, using instruments such as infrared thermography. This is chosen because it is reliable and has no side effects unlike the orthodox medical methodologies.
I would be careful to avoid: Dairy products, meat, processed and fried foods, refined and artificial sugar, too many caffeinated drinks, too much alcohol, no smoking or no contact with smoke, unclean water and fluoride containing toothpaste. I would also avoid chemical laced toiletries.
A few words of warning...
This was written as a guideline and for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for the trusted advice and direction of fully qualified health professionals, who you should consult for diagnosis, treatment and medical attention at all times.
Wednesday, September 10, 2008
Why Regular Reexamination After Cancer is Cured?
For most diseases, you may not see a doctor any more when you have been cured. But cancer is an exception. When a patient was discharged from hospital, he has always been told to have a regular reexamination. Why?
Results of cancer treatment are divided into four types: cure, improvement, stability and deterioration. Cure generally refers to completely eradicating tumor cells through surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy in the early or mid-term. However, the most important thing to test the treatment is time, for example, five-year survival rate or ten-year survival rate. The emergence of tumor is slow, and the development is covert, it is very difficult for people to find out that. It can be discovered via CT or B-mode ultrasonography only when abundant tumor cells assemble and take shape.
After the clinical treatment, it will take a period of time to find out the recurrence of a mass transfer if there are residual cancer cells. That's one of the reasons why patients should have a regular reexamination after be cured. In addition, many cancer recurrence can be cured if found in time, which may prove the necessity of regular reexamination. Patients should know some symptoms and signs of tumor metastasis and recurrence when they are discharged from hospital, so they can go back to the hospital for an examination immediately when these situations arise. Treatment such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy have certain side effects, including the near- and long-term harm, some symptoms can be reduced through the reexamination and treatment. Additionally post-operative complications may occur, and can be found through reexamination, then can be dealt with in time to promote rehabilitation.
Results of cancer treatment are divided into four types: cure, improvement, stability and deterioration. Cure generally refers to completely eradicating tumor cells through surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy in the early or mid-term. However, the most important thing to test the treatment is time, for example, five-year survival rate or ten-year survival rate. The emergence of tumor is slow, and the development is covert, it is very difficult for people to find out that. It can be discovered via CT or B-mode ultrasonography only when abundant tumor cells assemble and take shape.
After the clinical treatment, it will take a period of time to find out the recurrence of a mass transfer if there are residual cancer cells. That's one of the reasons why patients should have a regular reexamination after be cured. In addition, many cancer recurrence can be cured if found in time, which may prove the necessity of regular reexamination. Patients should know some symptoms and signs of tumor metastasis and recurrence when they are discharged from hospital, so they can go back to the hospital for an examination immediately when these situations arise. Treatment such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy have certain side effects, including the near- and long-term harm, some symptoms can be reduced through the reexamination and treatment. Additionally post-operative complications may occur, and can be found through reexamination, then can be dealt with in time to promote rehabilitation.
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